ABSTRACT
The present study was focussed on production of novel antibiotics from Halophilic bacterial species in Marin drive Mumbai. Bacillus pumilus were isolated from soil and screened for the production of antibiotics by plate assay and then cultured in shake flask fermentation at 30ºC for further studies. The bioactive secondary metabolites producing bacterial isolates were studied for their ability to tolerate 3% NaCl. Identification of Bacillus pumilus strains was done by using biochemical test as well as 16S r-RNA sequencing method. Identification of antibiotics was done by column chromatography as well as thin layer chromatography. Antibiotics was found to be produced by three are bacterial and one are fungal pathogen strains against E-coli (ATCC#2939), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC# 96), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC# 2488) and one are fungal pathogen strains against Candida albicans (ATCC# 227) proved to be resistant to antibiotics produced by Bacillus pumilus. The maximum production of antibiotics from Bacillus pumilus against E-coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Maximum zones of inhibition were observed after 48 hours of incubation at 30ºC against E-coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. After that structural elucidation was done by using IR, MS and NMR spectroscopy respectively.
ABSTRACT
The phytopathogenic Fusarium species are one of the leading causes of loss in agricultural productivity. In search of an efficient bacterial antagonist, 19 soil isolates of Azotobacter sp. were screened for antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum by agar well diffusion assay. The potential strain was identified as Azotobacter vinelandii by 16S rRNA sequencing. Optimum conditions for culturing A. vinelandii to obtain maximum antifungal activity were determined by varying temperature, pH, incubation period and NaCl and sucrose concentration. Maximum inhibition of F. oxysporum was observed at pH 7 and 8, 1% NaCl and 2% sucrose concentration and after 72 hr of incubation at 30°C temperature. A. vinelandii showed 44% higher yield of antifungal metabolite under optimized conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 10 µg ml-1 for F. oxysporum. The FTIR analysis of purified metabolite showed presence of aldehyde, C-N, ester, aromatic ring, P-H stretch, and C-N stretch of alkyl amine in the structure. The purified antifungal metabolite of A. vinelandii showed effect on spore germination and mycelia morphology of F. oxysporum. The study revealed significance of A. vinelandii in controlling F. oxysporum and its promising application as a biocontrol agent in agriculture.
ABSTRACT
Adsorption is a strong choice for removal operations as it is very simple to recover a high quality product from waste sludge. The efficiency of adsorbents like fly ash and activated carbon are tested based on their performance to remove chrome at various pH values, bed heights, and concentration of adsorbents. The removal efficiency was also tested for wastewater characteristics in a pilot plant in addition to the use of adsorbents. The concentration of chromium was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer). The results depicted that the efficiency of removal increased with increasing pH and bed height and decreased with increasing concentration. The removal efficiency with fly ash as an adsorbent was comparatively better than activatedcarbon. Thus, adsorbents can be used for chromium removal from tannery industry effluent.